Types and Styles of Wood Windows
Walking into a modern window showroom can be a little intimidating as there are so many shapes and types to choose from. Our goal is to arm you with information so that choosing your new windows will be a little less confusing.
Modern manufacturing methods have given us a wide variety of materials to choose from. There are wood, vinyl, aluminum, aluminum-clad, steel and fiberglass. The same styles and shapes are available in nearly every type of window; however, the strength of metal windows allows for some enhanced design possibilities. Today we will be focusing on wood windows.
Wood windows have been around since ancient Rome where poor quality glass was mounted in a handmade wooden frame. As glass making technology improved so did the design of windows and the quality and clarity of the glass panes. Since large sheets of glass could not be manufactured, smaller panes of glass were separated by strips of wood called muntins. Large vertical pieces of wood that contributed to the structural integrity on the window were dubbed mullions. Large horizontal structural members were called transoms.
Single-Hung and Double-Hung Sash Windows
The most popular type of window by far is the double-hung window which consists of two overlapping sections called sashes that are mounted in a wooden frame and slide vertically past each other. This arrangement allows either the top sash to be lower or the bottom sash to be raised depending on ventilation needs. Single-hung windows are the same as double-hung windows except for the top sash does not move. It does bear mentioning that there are horizontally mounted double-hung windows, sometimes called “Yorkshire Sash” windows but are typically called sliding windows in the United States. Double-hung windows can be mounted together as doubles, triples, or more and installed as a single unit, providing a great deal of light and ventilation.
Casement Windows
Casement windows are also very popular and come in a wide variety of options. Casement windows are hinged on one side and crank outward. One of the most popular arrangements of casement windows are a group of two that are hinged on opposing sides. In recent years, advances in manufacturing technology have allowed complex shapes for wood casement windows that were only possible before with metal windows. One popular configuration is to have a single unit built with casements on the bottom and a semi circle of fixed glass above a transom. This window is similar in appearance to a Romanesque arch. Combinations of these casements in a home provide striking architectural detail.
Awning and Hopper Windows
Awning windows are similar to casement windows but they are hinged at the top and open upward and outward. Hopper windows are simply inverted awning windows where the hinged side is on the bottom. Both awning and hopper windows can be used in combination with double-hung or traditional casement windows depending on your needs.
Bay / Bow Windows
One of the most impressive types of wood windows are Bay and Bow Windows. These large window units actually project out from the outer wall of the structure in either a square or radiused look. They include combinations of other windows such as double-hung, casement, awning, and hopper windows. Bay windows are typically expensive but provide a great deal of light and are great for reading nooks or breakfast areas.
Picture / Fixed Windows
Picture windows are typically fixed pieces of glass in a wood frame that is designed to frame a view like a picture. In order to maximize the view most fixed picture windows have very little ornamentation and are not typically divided into lites with grills.
Specialty Windows
Specialty windows are a category of wood windows that includes all other shapes including, but not limited to, octagons, circles, ovals, and semi-circles. Specialty windows are traditionally used in combination with other types of windows to create a specific architectural effect.
I hoped that this article has helped clarify some of the terms used in the window industry and that your next trip to the window showroom will be a little less intimidating.
If you are in the market for replacement windows in Nashville then I think this primer will help you and I hope you call on us.
For more information on windows for your home you can visit the National Window and Door Manufacturing Association.





